What is underpayment recovery in hospital billing — and how much revenue is at stake?

Underpayments occur when a payer reimburses a claim at a rate lower than the contracted fee schedule — without issuing a formal denial. Because the claim is technically ‘paid,’ it often passes through payment posting without triggering a review.

Common causes of hospital underpayments:

  • Payer applied an outdated fee schedule or wrong contract tier
  • Incorrect DRG assignment — claim paid at a lower-acuity DRG than documented
  • Bundling: multiple billable services paid under a single reimbursement that doesn’t reflect the contracted rate for each
  • Coordination of benefits errors on dual-coverage patients
  • Carve-outs and implant cost outliers not reimbursed per contract terms
  • Stop-loss provisions not applied correctly on high-cost inpatient stays

The revenue at stake is significant. A health system collecting $200M annually with a 1.5% underpayment rate is losing $3 million per year in revenue it has already earned and contractually is owed. Most underpayments are never identified because:

  • Payment posting staff process volume, not auditing accuracy
  • The contracts are complex and vary by payer, plan type, and service line
  • Most billing systems do not automatically flag payments that are below contracted rates

Squadyen’s underpayment recovery process involves systematic contract-level auditing of paid claims, identification of underpaid accounts, and formal appeal submission — recovering revenue that most health systems are currently leaving behind.

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